+ Mother has HBeAg (+), newborn has a 95% risk of infection if not receiving immunoprophylaxis. maternal HBeAg status in the third trimester of pregnancy. + The rate of infection to the baby is 28-39% if the mother's HBV DNA is 10 to 9 copies/ml or more (even though the baby has been vaccinated against HBV right after birth) The degree of infection depends on the situation. + The rate of infection to the child is 0% if: maternal HBV DNA < 10 to 5 copies/ml + The infection rate to the child is 50% if: maternal HBV DNA is from 10 to 9 to 10 copies/ml ml. The degree of infection depends on the HBV DNA level. In pregnant women, infection occurs during the perinatal period (from the 28th week of pregnancy to the 7th day postpartum). 4.1 Longitudinal route of transmission Mother-to-child transmission route: This is the most important type of infection, common in Asian countries. Hepatitis B has two routes of transmission: vertical contamination (horizontal contamination). or portal hypertension (splenic circulation, splenomegaly, ascites, esophageal varices.), the stage of liver cancer caused by HBV may not pass the cirrhosis stage. Stage of cirrhosis with symptoms such as: signs of angiosarcoma, jaundice, edema, ecchymosis skin. Clinical symptoms are usually asymptomatic or only have non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain. Chronic hepatitis B: disease caused by chronic HBV infection lasting more than 6 months. With 60% of patients dying Recovery phase: After 4-8 weeks from the first symptom. Multi-organ failure, ARDS, hepatorenal syndrome, arrhythmia, metabolic acidosis, infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, generalized edema. 0.1% - 0.5% of patients have fulminant hepatitis with altered consciousness, cerebral edema. Jaundice appears after 3-7 days, with increasing jaundice, dark urine, possibly discolored stools. Right lower quadrant pain due to enlarged liver. 30% have jaundice, with symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, low-grade fever, headache, nausea, loss of appetite. Hepatitis B has two forms: Acute hepatitis B : the persistence of the virus in the patient's body within 6 months of exposure to the virus: 70% of patients can no symptoms or no jaundice.
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